JOURNAL ARTICLES

Aybike Şeyma Tezel (ed.) Uygurlar Özel Sayısı, Türkiye Günlüğü Dergisi, Sayı 143, Yaz 2020.

The article focuses on Greek Cypriot internally displaced persons and their attitudes towards the island's reunification talks. We utilize quantitative data from two representative sample surveys, conducted in 2016-2017, which probed respondents on their views on territorial readjustments, property provisions and power-sharing. Contrary to the current findings in the literature, internally displaced persons status is associated with higher levels of support for a negotiated peace settlement. The article examines the impact of anticipated threats and economic opportunities accompanying a settlement and suggests a set of institutionalized mechanisms to incorporate the views of internally displaced persons and other disadvantaged groups in future reunification talks.

Psaltis C, Cakal H, Loizides N, Kuşçu Bonnenfant I. Internally displaced persons and the Cyprus peace process. International Political Science Review. 2020; 41(1):138-154.

There is a sizable Kazakh diaspora living in Turkey and Europe. Since their initial migration, these Kazakhs have been involved in actions aiming to preserve their group's cultural and ethnic boundaries. By studying these actions and related discourses, this article seeks to explain how these groups formulated and reformulated their identities and loyalties in their host states over generations. Many Kazakhs in Turkey and Europe originally came from Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang) and considered this area their homeland. However, Kazakhstan's independence in 1991 led to an important change in their homeland orientation and, after 1991, the activities of an increasing number of Kazakh diaspora organizations shifted toward Kazakhstan as the homeland. Therefore, this article focuses mainly on two periods: the period before and the period after Kazakhstan's independence. The fieldwork was conducted in Turkey, Germany, France, and the Netherlands and includes interviews with leaders of Kazakh diaspora organizations and other members of the diaspora.

Kuşçu, I. (2016). Changing perception of homeland for the Kazakh diaspora. Nationalities Papers, 44(3), 380-396. 

Ethnic return migrations tend to become a controversial issue and create public debates within the receiving homeland states because of two major factors. The first concerns the economic and social problems brought on by the migrants ' integration process as well as the socio-economic burden that such migrations place on homeland institutions. The second involves the inherently discriminatory and exclusionary character of such migrations because they privilege the state-bearing ethnic group over others. As we will see, this dynamic has important implications for domestic nation-building. To better understand these influences within Kazakhstan, this article will attempt to analyse the public debate surrounding the government's ethnic return migration policy. It traces the discourse concerning the return of Kazakh oralmans (return migrants) by examining both Kazakh and Russian language publications. Interviews with experts, informal discussions with return migrants and the testimonies of long-term residents in the country are also used to this end.

Kuşçu, I. (2014), Ethnic Return Migration and Public Debate: The Case of Kazakhstan. International Migration, 52: 178-197.

Ekonomik ve siyasi geçiş süreci Sovyet ardılı ülkelerin tümü için olduğu gibi Kazakistan açısından da sancılı bir süreç olmuştur. Bu dönemdeki sıkıntıların sosyal alana yansıması devletin sunduğu sosyal hizmetlerin kalitesindeki ciddi düşüşle gözlemlenebilir. Kazakistan hükümeti eğitim ve sağlık sektörlerindeki temel sorunlara bir dizi reformla cevap vermiştir. Bu süreçte uluslararası aktörler de önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu makale Kazakistan`da bağımsızlık sonrası süreçte yaşanan eğitim ve sağlık sorunlarını incelemiştir. Bu sorunlarla başa çıkmak için geliştirilen reformlar ve uluslararası aktörlerin bu süreçteki rolü de yine bu makalede tartışılmıştır. 

Bonnenfant I. K (2014). "Bağımsız Kazakistan'da eğitim ve sağlık: Sorunlar, reform süreci ve uluslararası aktörlerin rolü." Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Araştırmaları, 9(18), 23 - 46. 

Since the 1950s, the Uyghur diaspora communities have engaged in a wide array of activities to transnationalize the case of Uyghurs in the homeland. Uyghur diaspora have traditionally organized around associations and worked towards transnationalizing the homeland cause through conferences, press releases, printed materials such as books and journals as well as booklets and pamphlets. For the last decade or so though, Uyghur diaspora groups are benefiting from a new means of communication, the Internet. By analyzing different Uyghur diaspora websites and forums, this article aims to examine how the Internet has helped this community to create awareness about the condition of Uyghurs in the homeland. This article also attempts to analyze how the Internet has contributed to a unified national identity as well as to a greater cohesion within the diaspora. At the same time, I compare this recent Internet activity with the actions and discourse of the earlier Uyghur diaspora in order to find out about the parallels between the two discourses.

Kuşçu, I . (2014). Uygur Diasporasının Dijital Ortamdaki Faaliyetleri: Kimlik ve Anavatan Meselesi. Bilig, (69), 143-160.

For almost six decades the Uyghur diaspora has been working at creating awareness about the Uyghur issue and enlisting support from the international community. This article focuses on the actions of the first-generation Uyghur diaspora leaders İsa Yusuf Alptekin and Mehmet EminBuğra to maintain group cohesion abroad and to ensure a better future for their homeland. Through a discourse analysis of the writings of Alptekin and Buğra, this article aims to define several major themes contributing to the development of the national cause and a diasporic identity which would establish a firm base for later generations to build on.

Bonnenfant I. K (2013). The origins of Uyghur long-distance nationalism: The first generation Uyghur diaspora in Turkey. Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Araştırmaları, 8(16), 73 - 94. 

For the last decade there has been wide debate on the European Union (EU) as a normative power actor in international politics. This article aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the impact of the EU in Kazakhstan in the field of human rights. As one of the former Soviet republics in Central Asia, Kazakhstan has emerged as an actor with a desire to win the recognition of the West as a modern, progressive power in the region. While the EU’s engagement in Central Asia does not have a long history, it considers Kazakhstan an important partner in the region. EU-Kazakhstan relations developed around different issue areas, the promotion of human rights in Kazakhstan being one of them. This study will examine the EU’s policy towards Kazakhstan with regard to human rights, focusing on the impact of such policies on the country’s improvement of its rights record.

Kuşçu, I. "Normative power Europe in Central Asia: the case of Kazakhstan". USAK Yearbook of Politics and International Relations, 6, (2013): 93-119.

A new political development that emerged after the disintegration of the Soviet Union was the adoption of ‘homeland stances’ by the newly independent states. Through the construction of the homeland image, the states of the region claimed responsibility not only for their own citizens, but also for a diaspora community of co-ethnics. Kazakhstan became one of these states and its leadership portrayed Kazakhstan as the homeland of the Kazakh diaspora. Furthermore, Kazakhstan's leadership developed far more active homeland rhetoric and initiated an ethnic return-migration policy as early as 1992. This paper will explore the discourse of Kazakhstan's leadership on the repatriation of its co-ethnics as well as the legal and political context that it created to achieve their smooth absorption into domestic society.

Bonnenfant I. K. (2012) Constructing the homeland: Kazakhstan's discourse and policies surrounding its ethnic return-migration policy, Central Asian Survey, 31 (1), 31-44.

Diasporic communities identify themselves as part of their homeland’s national community and feel responsibility for the well-being of their homelands, which may result in a desire to engage in homeland affairs. A diaspora's influence over the homeland is shaped by three factors: the diasporan community´s unity and organizational capacity and the homeland´s and host state´s political opportunity structures. The Egyptian American diaspora in the US is one such diaspora group that has always yearned to partake in homeland affairs. Under the Mubarak regime, these types of attempts were curtailed to a large extent. The Egyptian Revolution of 2011 presented a historical opportunity for the Egyptian American diaspora to contribute to the shaping of homeland`s future. This article seeks to analyze the role of Egyptian Americans during and in the aftermath of the Egyptian revolution.

Kuşçu, I . "The Egyptian American diaspora during and in the aftermath of the Egyptian revolution of 2011". Ortadoğu Etütleri 4 (2012): 121-142.

The break-up of the Soviet Union initiated vast changes in academic studies in Turkey. This paper examines the changes occurring specifically in studies in the social sciences. It traces the recent development of Eurasian studies in Turkey and explains how the shift occurred from a dominant ideological approach to one based on objective scholarly study. It indicates how this shift, accompanied by an increase of students with advanced training in Central Eurasian affairs, has transformed not only academic institutions inTurkey’s universities and developments in the social sciences in the country, but also state and non-state policy-research institutions.

Ayata, A., Kahveci, H., & Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I. (2004). "Eurasian Studies in Turkey." Central Eurasian Studies Society 3 (2). 

Homeland states are increasingly in close contact with their diasporas for a variety of reasons. Kazakhstan, soon after its independence in 1991, adopted the role and discourse of a homeland. For millions of Kazakhs living outside Kazakhstan, this was a thrilling development. As part of its homeland policies, the country not only initiated an ethnic return migration policy enabling the return of more than one million Kazakhs making up the diaspora since 1992 but also designed institutions and policies to reach out to its diaspora living in various host states. Therefore, in this chapter, my analysis will be twofold: I will first examine the evolving policies and discourses of the Kazakhstani state towards its diaspora and, following this, look at the policies it has created to enable the ethnic return migration of Kazakhs residing abroad.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I., (2021). Kazakistan'ın Göç Politikaları. Türkiye-Kazakistan İlişkileri (Ed.Hasan Acar) (pp.89-103), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I., (2021). Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Amerikan Dış Politikası. 30.Yılında Türk Cumhuriyetleri: Küresel Politika (3.Cilt) (Ed.Fırat Yaldız) (pp.151-169), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I., (2021). Kazakistan’da Ulus ve Devlet İnşasını Güçlendirici Bir Dinamik olarak Tarih Yazımı ve Tarih Bilincini Güçlendirme Çabaları. Kazakistan (Ed.Cengiz Buyar) (pp.85-103), Bishkek: BYR Publishing. 

This study analyzes how the Uyghur diasporic identity and activities evolved through various mobilizing discourses, practices, and frameworks effectuated by the elite. The activities of the Uyghur diaspora during three significant time periods were observed. The first period covers the mobilization practices of the diaspora leaders in Turkey from the 1960s to the early 1990s. The second period covers the diasporic mobilization efforts in the 1990s in Turkey and Europe, and the final period covers 2000 until now. Such an analysis allowed me to discern how mobilization practices and frameworks varied over time according to changing political opportunities in different host states. The chapter is based on fieldwork conducted in Turkey, Germany, the Netherlands, and France over a one-year period.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant I. (2018) Constructing the Uyghur Diaspora: Identity Politics and the Transnational Uyghur Community. In: Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun G., Ercilasun K. (eds) The Uyghur Community. Politics and History in Central Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

Kuşçu, Işık, “Kırım‘ın Rusya’ya Katılımının Bölgesel ve Küresel Etkileri”, Hasret Çomak ve diğerleri (ed.), Uluslararası Politikada Ukrayna Krizi, 1. Baskı, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş., İstanbul, 2014.

Kazakistan bağımsızlıktan bu yana geçen 20 yılı aşkın süre zarfında siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel anlamda ciddi bir dönüşüm yaşamıştır. Bu çalışmada özellikle 2013 yılına ait gelişmeler analiz edilmiş ancak gerekli olduğu yerlerde 1991`den bu yana gerçekleşen dönüşüme ait arka plan bilgisi de sunulmuştur.  

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I., (2015). Kazakistan: İç Politika, Dış Politika, Sosyal Dinamikler 2013.  Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Toplulukları Yıllığı 2013 (pp.69-111), Ankara: Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I., (2012). Kazakistan`da Ulus İnşası Sürecinde Etnik Geri Dönüş Göçü Siyaseti ve Etkileri. Orta Asya da Siyaset ve Toplum Demokrasi Etnisite ve Kimlik, Ankara: USAK Yayınları.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I. (Edited w. Erol Göka), (2002). Uluslararası İlişkilerin Psikolojisi . Ankara: Asam Yayıncılık.

Kuşçu Bonnenfant, I., (Translator) (2001). Türk-Batı İlişkilerinin Geleceği . Ankara: Asam Yayıncılık.

Türkiye’nin Entegre Sınır Yönetimi Konusundaki Çalışmalarının Desteklenmesi: Bir Değerlendirme Raporu, International Organization for Migration, March 2018. 

Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi: Uygur Türkleri Raporu, International Center for Migration Policy Development, January 2018.

Nazlan Ertan, Al-Monitor

Nazlan Ertan, Al-Monitor

Doğu Asya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (9) 2022.

Christina Anderson & Chris Buckley, New York Times

Zafer Sivrikaya, L'Express